Search results for "Factors of production"
showing 10 items of 15 documents
The Impact of the Productivity Dispersion Across Employers on the Labor's Income Share
2016
In the present paper, I study the distribution of income across the factors of production within the canonical on-the-job search framework. I show that, by weakening the competition between employers, a mean-preserving spread of the employers' productivity distribution decreases the share of the production output that the workers receive. This result is particularly intriguing in light of the rising productivity dispersion and the declining labor share in many countries.
The Impact of Trade Liberalisation on Water Use: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
2008
Water is scarce in many countries. One instrument to improve the allocation of a scarce resource is (efficient) pricing or taxation. However, water is implicitly traded on international markets, particularly through food and textiles, so that impacts of water taxes cannot be studied in isolation, but require an analysis of international trade implications. We include water as a production factor in a multi-region, multi-sector computable general equilibrium model (GTAP), to assess a series of water tax policies. We find that water taxes reduce water use, and lead to shifts in production, consumption, and international trade patterns. Countries that do not levy water taxes are nonetheless af…
Outsourcing and efficiency: the case of Spanish citrus farming
2006
Outsourcing in agriculture has traditionally been seen as a managerial strategy of smaller farms to achieve higher levels of efficiency. In this article, we provide empirical evidence supporting the existence of a positive relationship between outsourcing and efficiency in Spanish citrus farming. Outsourcing is measured by the proportion of outsourced labor and capital in farms' total use of these production factors, i.e., the higher the proportion of outsourced inputs, the higher the degree of outsourcing. Making use of data envelopment analysis techniques, we compute input-specific reductions required to achieve technical efficiency at the farm level. Our results show that attainment of t…
Assessing the performance of the Latin American and Caribbean banking industry: Are domestic and foreign banks so different?
2015
AbstractThis paper studies the relative performance of domestic and foreign banks in the Latin American and Caribbean banking industry. Data Envelopment Analysis is used to compute technical efficiency scores for the years 2001 and 2013. Our main contribution is twofold. On the one hand, we assess performance at the level of the management of specific production factors. On the other hand, we distinguish program efficiency from managerial efficiency, which allows us to evaluate whether the differences in technical efficiency between national and foreign banks are due to the use of different technologies (program efficiency) or, conversely, differences in the managerial capacities of manager…
BOD7 production function of the Finnish pulp and paper industry
2001
Traditional neoclassical production theory analyzes the relationship in a production process between inputs and outputs which have a positive market value for the producer. The externalities of production, which have nonpositive market values, are discarded or included as the cost in a cost function. This paper studies the relationship between biological oxygen demand (BOD) emissions, an output of nonpositive value, and traditional factors of production, that is, investments, labor, output, and raw materials. An emissions production function is theoretically presented and empirically estimated with data from the Finnish pulp and paper industry. The approach is based on the observation that …
La filiera corta: una possibile strategia per migliorare la competitività dell'azienda agraria
2013
The paper aims to determine the possible competitive advantage for farms thatadopt a short supply-chain strategy. In particular, by carriying out an analysis of asample of fruit and vegetable farms, we wanted to find out how the business relatesto the market and the reasons that induced the entrepreneur to move into a shortsupply-chain set up. The study was prompted by the wish to determine, empirically,the economic benefits arising from the adoption of the short supply chain. In fact,there is a vast literature on the economic benefits produced by the short supply chainsuch as the demand stability due to customer loyalty and the ability to influencedirectly the price through the reduction o…
Is Spain a lumpy country? A dynamic analysis of the ‘lens condition’
2008
We implement the ‘lens condition’ of Deardoff (1994) to investigate whether lumpiness, an excessively uneven geographic distribution of production factors, is large enough to allow for regional specialization of production at different factor prices. Using data from 50 Spanish provinces over the period 1964 to 2001, we show that Spain evolved from being a lumpy economy to a state where lumpiness no longer mattered.
The impact of globalization on regional development and competitiveness: cases of selected regions
2019
International audience; The objective of this study is to conduct an analysis of regional development and competitiveness in the EU and Latvia under current conditions of economic globalization. This paper makes an attempt to evaluate a theory of regional development and regional competitiveness concept in relation to regional competitiveness in the light of current global economic changes. The authors emphasise that the regional development is based on competitive advantages, which has been a subject of fundamental research by Michal Porter and that serves as a basis for the current scientific methodology to assess competitiveness of regions and countries. The authors support a view of man…
When Stolper-Samuelson Does Not Apply: International Trade and Female Labor
2011
Whenever a country specializes on industries that use female labor intensively, its female labor force participation should increase. This intuition, which bases on the Stolper-Samuleson Theorem, may fail in a three-factor, two-good model. We develop a model where capital, male and female work are distinct factors of production. We follow an established assumption and postulate that capital accumulation closes the gender wage gap. In this setup, the Stolper-Samuleson based intuition fails necessarily: the gender wage gap widens in countries that specialize on sectors intensive in female labor, and vice versa.
Coping with Asymmetric Shocks in the EMU: The Role of Labour Market Flexibility
2013
The chapter discusses the economic conditions for the success of EMU when there is still a need for structural reforms in the markets of goods and services, and factors of production. In view of asymmetric shocks, experience shows that behaviour in nominal and real wage growth resulted in increased unemployment throughout the EU15. Fiscal policy, on the other hand, could mitigate to some extent the burden of wage adjustment, and could play an important role in improving productivity. In general, however, smooth shock-absorption requires a flexible wage formation process to circumvent low employment levels, but the risk of hysteresis would remain. To avoid the accumulation of wage and labour…